Networks and cluster relationships are also a significant part of the development of intangible capital through their role as proving the social capital which underlies much economic development. Networking refers to a wide range of co-operative behaviour between otherwise competing organizations and between organizations linked through economic and social relationships and transactions. Industry clusters exist where there is loose geographically concentrated or association of firms and organizations involved in a value chain producing goods and services, and innovating. A cluster is defined as a concentration of companies and industries in a geographic region that are interconnected by the markets they serve and the products they produce, as well as by the suppliers, trade associations and educational institutions with which they interact. Such exporting chains of firms are the primary ‘drivers’ of a region’s economy, on whose success other businesses, construction firms for example, depend in terms of their own financial viability. An industry cluster includes companies that sell inside as well as outside the region, and also supports firms that supply raw materials, components and business services to them. These clusters form ‘value chains’ that are the fundamental units of competition in the modern, globalized world economy. Clusters in a region form over time and stem from the region’s economic foundations, its existing companies and local demand for products and services. Firms and organizations involved in clusters are able to achieve synergies and leverage economic advantage from shared access to information and knowledge networks, supplier and distribution chains, markets and marketing intelligence, competencies and resources in a specific locality. The cluster concept focuses on the linkages and interdependencies among actors in value chains.
Intellectual Relevance of Food Tourism: Intangible Aspects of Taste and Travel
