Proletarianization worldwide has accelerated through new waves of primitive accumulation as billions of people have been dispossessed and thrown into the global labor market. The global wage-labor force doubled from some 1. 5 billion in 1980 to some 3 billion in 2006, as "workers from China, India and the former Soviet bloc entered the global labor pool," observes Freeman. "Of course, these workers had existed before then. The difference, though, was that their economies suddenly joined the global system of production and consumption. "This process involves both the formal and the real subsumption of labor by capital across the planet. In simplified terms, formal subsumption refers to the process by which people are separated from their means of survival or production, such as land, so that they are forced to work for capital. Even when peasant producers do not lose formal title to their land, they have been thrown into export-crop production for the global market and made dependent on transnational capital for credit, supplies, marketing and so forth - reduced, in effect, to proletarians on their own land. Real subsumption refers to the subordination of workers into the capitalist production process as it is directly controlled by capital in the factory, and also on the capitalist plantation or service sector, their total corporeal discipline, oppression, and domination, so that the worker loses whatever is left of individual power and autonomy, incorporated, in Marx's words as a "living appendage" into the production process. This is the case for the hundreds of millions of workers who labor in Chinese sweatshops, Latin American maquiladoras, outsourced service work in India, or transnational corporate agribusiness plantations in California, Kenya, and the Philippines. Formal and real subordination is closely related to the concepts of real economic possession by capital, which refers to capital's control over the labor process, and real economic ownership by capital, which refers to control over the organization or goals of production and appropriation of surpluses. Under capitalist globalization there has been an acceleration of these processes of subsumption and of possession. Transnational capital has subordinated virtually the entire world's population to its logic and its domination through these processes. In this sense the world's people live under a dictatorship of transnational capital (in the literal sense of the word, such that transnational capital dictates) - a dictatorship more powerful, omnipresent, and deadly than any in history.
Deeper Understanding of Crisis and Mysterious Nature of Twentieth Century
